CVE-2023-25121Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated code execution via unbounded sprintf formatting

Published Jul 6, 2023 · Updated Nov 4, 2025

Stack-based buffer overflow in Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via HTTP. The set_ike_profile function passes the attacker-controlled secrets_local JSON value to sprintf when building a command in a fixed-size vtysh_command_buffer. A high-privilege session is required; the demonstrated request crashes vtysh_ubus, while successful exploitation grants code execution.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability1.46%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Stack-based buffer overflow in Milesight UR32L v32.3.0.5 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via HTTP. The set_ike_profile function passes the attacker-controlled secrets_local JSON value to sprintf when building a command in a fixed-size vtysh_command_buffer. A high-privilege session is required; the demonstrated request crashes vtysh_ubus, while successful exploitation grants code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25121
Published
Jul 6, 2023
Updated
Nov 4, 2025
Vendor
Milesight
Product
UR32L
Classifications
CWE-121, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 6, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=v32.3.0.5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Milesight · UR32Lversion=v32.3.0.5

Published CVSS scores

7.2Cisco TalosCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-121Stack-based Buffer Overflow
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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