CVE-2023-25095Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated code execution via unbounded QoS rule name

Published Jul 6, 2023 · Updated Nov 4, 2025

Stack-based buffer overflow in Milesight UR32L 32.3.0.5 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via an HTTP request. Within vtysh_ubus, set_qos passes the unbounded rule_name JSON string to sprintf when formatting a negated traffic-rule command into vtysh_command_buffer. High-privilege access to the router's HTTP management interface is required; an overlong value can overwrite the stack, crash the process, or enable code execution.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability1.46%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Stack-based buffer overflow in Milesight UR32L 32.3.0.5 allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via an HTTP request. Within vtysh_ubus, set_qos passes the unbounded rule_name JSON string to sprintf when formatting a negated traffic-rule command into vtysh_command_buffer. High-privilege access to the router's HTTP management interface is required; an overlong value can overwrite the stack, crash the process, or enable code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25095
Published
Jul 6, 2023
Updated
Nov 4, 2025
Vendor
Milesight
Product
UR32L
Classifications
CWE-121, CWE-787, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 6, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=v32.3.0.5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Milesight · UR32Lversion=v32.3.0.5

Published CVSS scores

7.2Cisco TalosCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.2NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-121Stack-based Buffer Overflow
CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo