CVE-2023-25000

Shamir-share recovery via cache-timing leakage

Published Mar 30, 2023 · Updated Feb 13, 2025

Cache-timing exposure in HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise allows local users to narrow searches for Shamir shares. The Shamir mult and div functions index precomputed Galois Field logarithm tables, producing cache-dependent timing during seal and unseal operations. Exploitation requires host access and observation of many operations through a cache side channel; successful brute force can recover an unseal or root key.

CVSS severity4.7
Medium
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Cache-timing exposure in HashiCorp Vault and Vault Enterprise allows local users to narrow searches for Shamir shares. The Shamir mult and div functions index precomputed Galois Field logarithm tables, producing cache-dependent timing during seal and unseal operations. Exploitation requires host access and observation of many operations through a cache side channel; successful brute force can recover an unseal or root key.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-25000
Published
Mar 30, 2023
Updated
Feb 13, 2025
Vendor
HashiCorp
Product
Vault
Classifications
CWE-203
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 30, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <1.11.0
  2. Affected versionversion=1.11.0 <1.11.9
  3. Affected versionversion=1.12.0 <1.12.5
  4. Affected versionversion=1.13.0 <1.13.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

HashiCorp · Vaultversion=0 <1.11.0; version=1.11.0 <1.11.9; version=1.12.0 <1.12.5; version=1.13.0 <1.13.1
HashiCorp · Vault Enterpriseversion=0 <1.11.0; version=1.11.0 <1.11.9; version=1.12.0 <1.12.5; version=1.13.0 <1.13.1

Published CVSS scores

4.7NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-203Observable Discrepancy

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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