Universal signature forgery via signing-vector power leakage
Published Jan 20, 2023 · Updated Apr 2, 2025
Side-channel leakage in PQClean CRYSTALS-Dilithium at d03da30 allows physically proximate attackers to forge digital signatures. The signing implementation exposes whether coefficients in a generated intermediate vector are zero through power-consumption traces, enabling partial secret-key recovery. The demonstrated attack requires a profiling corpus, trace acquisition on the signing device, and collected signatures; the recovered key material supports universal forgery.
Summary
What happened
Side-channel leakage in PQClean CRYSTALS-Dilithium at d03da30 allows physically proximate attackers to forge digital signatures. The signing implementation exposes whether coefficients in a generated intermediate vector are zero through power-consumption traces, enabling partial secret-key recovery. The demonstrated attack requires a profiling corpus, trace acquisition on the signing device, and collected signatures; the recovered key material supports universal forgery.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2023-24025
- Published
- Jan 20, 2023
- Updated
- Apr 2, 2025
- Vendor
- Unknown vendor
- Product
- Unknown product
- Classifications
- CWE-347
- Attack vector
- physical
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Jan 20, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Apr 2, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- Exploiting Intermediate Value Leakage in Dilithium A Template-Based Approachproof of concept · demonstrated
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Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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