CVE-2023-23762Network attack vector

Commit smuggling via incorrect diff comparison

Published Apr 7, 2023 · Updated Feb 10, 2025

Incorrect comparison in GitHub Enterprise Server allows remote authenticated users to smuggle commits through a misleading diff. GitHub has not disclosed the comparison locus or how crafted repository state causes the displayed diff to misrepresent commits. Exploitation requires repository write access and correctly guessing a target branch before a maintainer creates it, limiting the consequence to misleading review of attacker-controlled commit history.

CVSS severity6.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.64%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Incorrect comparison in GitHub Enterprise Server allows remote authenticated users to smuggle commits through a misleading diff. GitHub has not disclosed the comparison locus or how crafted repository state causes the displayed diff to misrepresent commits. Exploitation requires repository write access and correctly guessing a target branch before a maintainer creates it, limiting the consequence to misleading review of attacker-controlled commit history.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-23762
Published
Apr 7, 2023
Updated
Feb 10, 2025
Vendor
Twitter
Product
GitHub Enterprise Server
Classifications
CWE-697, CAPEC-148, T1565.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 7, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 10, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.4.0 <=3.4.17 changes=[{"at":"3.4.18","status":"unaffected"}]
  2. Affected versionversion=3.5.0 <=3.5.14 changes=[{"at":"3.5.15","status":"unaffected"}]
  3. Affected versionversion=3.6.0 <=3.6.10 changes=[{"at":"3.6.11","status":"unaffected"}]
  4. Affected versionversion=3.7.0 <=3.7.7 changes=[{"at":"3.7.8","status":"unaffected"}]
  5. Affected versionversion=3.8.0 <3.8.1 changes=[{"at":"3.8.1","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Twitter · GitHub Enterprise Serverversion=3.4.0 <=3.4.17 changes=[{"at":"3.4.18","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.5.0 <=3.5.14 changes=[{"at":"3.5.15","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.6.0 <=3.6.10 changes=[{"at":"3.6.11","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.7.0 <=3.7.7 changes=[{"at":"3.7.8","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.8.0 <3.8.1 changes=[{"at":"3.8.1","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

6.5GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-697Incorrect Comparison
CAPEC-148Content Spoofing
T1565.001Stored Data Manipulation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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