CVE-2023-23761Network attack vector

Secret-gist modification via SSH certificate authentication

Published Apr 7, 2023 · Updated Feb 7, 2025

Improper authentication in GitHub Enterprise Server allows remote authenticated users to modify other users' secret gists through SSH. The SSH certificate authority path accepts an unauthorized actor as a valid user for secret-gist writes, but GitHub has not published the faulty validation step. Exploitation requires a configured SSH certificate authority and knowledge of the target secret gist URL.

CVSS severity7.7
High
EPSS probability0.46%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper authentication in GitHub Enterprise Server allows remote authenticated users to modify other users' secret gists through SSH. The SSH certificate authority path accepts an unauthorized actor as a valid user for secret-gist writes, but GitHub has not published the faulty validation step. Exploitation requires a configured SSH certificate authority and knowledge of the target secret gist URL.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-23761
Published
Apr 7, 2023
Updated
Feb 7, 2025
Vendor
Twitter
Product
GitHub Enterprise Server
Classifications
CWE-287, CAPEC-114, T1078
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 7, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 7, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.4.0 <=3.4.17 changes=[{"at":"3.4.18","status":"unaffected"}]
  2. Affected versionversion=3.5.0 <=3.5.14 changes=[{"at":"3.5.15","status":"unaffected"}]
  3. Affected versionversion=3.6.0 <=3.6.10 changes=[{"at":"3.6.11","status":"unaffected"}]
  4. Affected versionversion=3.7.0 <=3.7.7 changes=[{"at":"3.7.8","status":"unaffected"}]
  5. Affected versionversion=3.8.0 <3.8.1 changes=[{"at":"3.8.1","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Twitter · GitHub Enterprise Serverversion=3.4.0 <=3.4.17 changes=[{"at":"3.4.18","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.5.0 <=3.5.14 changes=[{"at":"3.5.15","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.6.0 <=3.6.10 changes=[{"at":"3.6.11","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.7.0 <=3.7.7 changes=[{"at":"3.7.8","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.8.0 <3.8.1 changes=[{"at":"3.8.1","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

7.7GitHub CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:N
5.3NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-287Improper Authentication
CAPEC-114Authentication Abuse
T1078Valid Accounts

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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