CVE-2023-22794Public exploitNetwork attack vector

SQL injection via bypassed SQL comment escaping

Published Feb 9, 2023 · Updated Aug 2, 2024

SQL injection in affected Active Record releases allows remote authenticated users to alter database queries through crafted SQL comments. The sanitize_as_sql_comment and QueryLogs escape_sql_comment methods used a removable-pattern substitution that crafted nested delimiters could bypass, allowing comment input to terminate the comment and append SQL. Exploitation requires an application to pass user input to annotate or optimizer_hints, or a non-default QueryLogs tag to include user input; injected SQL runs with the application database account's permissions.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability2.15%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

SQL injection in affected Active Record releases allows remote authenticated users to alter database queries through crafted SQL comments. The sanitize_as_sql_comment and QueryLogs escape_sql_comment methods used a removable-pattern substitution that crafted nested delimiters could bypass, allowing comment input to terminate the comment and append SQL. Exploitation requires an application to pass user input to annotate or optimizer_hints, or a non-default QueryLogs tag to include user input; injected SQL runs with the application database account's permissions.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-22794
Published
Feb 9, 2023
Updated
Aug 2, 2024
Vendor
Ruby on Rails
Product
Active Record
Classifications
CWE-89
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 9, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 2, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=6.0.6.1, 6.1.7.1, 7.0.4.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Ruby on Rails · Active Recordversion=6.0.6.1, 6.1.7.1, 7.0.4.1

Published CVSS scores

8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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