CVE-2023-22727Network attack vector

SQL injection via unvalidated limit and offset strings

Published Jan 17, 2023 · Updated Mar 10, 2025

SQL injection in CakePHP allows remote attackers to read or modify database data through crafted limit or offset request values. The Query::limit() and Query::offset() methods accepted nonnumeric strings that were rendered directly into LIMIT or OFFSET clauses. Exploitation requires an application to pass unfiltered request data directly to either method instead of using CakePHP's Pagination wrappers.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.86%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

SQL injection in CakePHP allows remote attackers to read or modify database data through crafted limit or offset request values. The Query::limit() and Query::offset() methods accepted nonnumeric strings that were rendered directly into LIMIT or OFFSET clauses. Exploitation requires an application to pass unfiltered request data directly to either method instead of using CakePHP's Pagination wrappers.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-22727
Published
Jan 17, 2023
Updated
Mar 10, 2025
Vendor
CakePHP
Product
CakePHP
Classifications
CWE-89, CAPEC-66, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 17, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 10, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 4.2.0, < 4.2.12
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 4.3.0, < 4.3.11
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 4.4.0, < 4.4.10

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

CakePHP · CakePHPversion=>= 4.2.0, < 4.2.12; version=>= 4.3.0, < 4.3.11; version=>= 4.4.0, < 4.4.10

Published CVSS scores

9.8GitHub CNACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
CAPEC-66SQL Injection
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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