CVE-2023-22621Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote code execution via email template injection

Published Apr 19, 2023 · Updated Nov 7, 2025

Server-side template injection in Strapi 4.5.5 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute code through email templates. The users-permissions plugin accepts crafted Lodash delimiters that bypass isValidEmailTemplate, and sendTemplatedEmail compiles the stored subject, text, or HTML with _.template. Super Administrator access is required to save the payload, which executes when a confirmation or password-reset email renders.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability76.83%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in Strapi 4.5.5 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute code through email templates. The users-permissions plugin accepts crafted Lodash delimiters that bypass isValidEmailTemplate, and sendTemplatedEmail compiles the stored subject, text, or HTML with _.template. Super Administrator access is required to save the payload, which executes when a confirmation or password-reset email renders.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-22621
Published
Apr 19, 2023
Updated
Nov 7, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-74, T1059.007
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 19, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 7, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

10.0GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1059.007Command and Scripting Interpreter: JavaScript/JScript

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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