CVE-2023-22527Known exploitationPublic exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated RCE via OGNL template injection

Published Jan 16, 2024 · Updated Oct 21, 2025

Template injection in affected Atlassian Confluence 8 releases allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code without authentication. The text-inline.vm template interprets a crafted label as OGNL after encoded apostrophe handling reaches an insufficiently guarded Struts Velocity context. The public endpoint requires no credentials, and successful evaluation executes commands with the Confluence service process's privileges.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability99.98%
Next 30 days · Nov 1, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Template injection in affected Atlassian Confluence 8 releases allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code without authentication. The text-inline.vm template interprets a crafted label as OGNL after encoded apostrophe handling reaches an insufficiently guarded Struts Velocity context. The public endpoint requires no credentials, and successful evaluation executes commands with the Confluence service process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-22527
Published
Jan 16, 2024
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Vendor
Atlassian
Product
Confluence Data Center
Classifications
CWE-74, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 16, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 24, 2024Exploitation reportedCISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities entry
  3. Oct 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 8.0.0
  2. Affected versionversion=8.0.0 <8.5.4
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 8.1.0
  4. Affected versionversion=>= 8.2.0
  5. Affected versionversion=>= 8.3.0
  6. Affected versionversion=>= 8.4.0
  7. Affected versionversion=>= 8.5.0
  8. Affected versionversion=>= 8.5.1
  9. Affected versionversion=>= 8.5.2
  10. Affected versionversion=>= 8.5.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Atlassian · Confluence Data Centerversion=>= 8.0.0; version=8.0.0 <8.5.4; version=>= 8.1.0; version=>= 8.2.0; version=>= 8.3.0; version=>= 8.4.0; version=>= 8.5.0; version=>= 8.5.1; version=>= 8.5.2; version=>= 8.5.3
Atlassian · Confluence Serverversion=>= 8.0.0; version=8.0.0 <8.5.4; version=>= 8.1.0; version=>= 8.2.0; version=>= 8.3.0; version=>= 8.4.0; version=>= 8.5.0; version=>= 8.5.1; version=>= 8.5.2; version=>= 8.5.3

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
10.0AtlassianCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Activity data is delayed. The latest report is Sep 28, 2026.

Daily unique IPsShadowserver observations through Sep 28, 2026. Gaps indicate unavailable data.
Sep 22, 2026Sep 28, 2026
View daily counts
Reporting dayUnique IPs
Sep 22, 202616
Sep 23, 20269
Sep 24, 20266
Sep 25, 202610
Sep 26, 20264
Sep 27, 202611
Sep 28, 20267
Latest reporting daySep 28, 2026
Latest daily unique IPs7
Prior 30-day average12
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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