CVE-2023-22492Network attack vector

Continued access via unrevoked refresh tokens

Published Jan 11, 2023 · Updated Mar 10, 2025

Insufficient session expiration in ZITADEL 2.0.0 through 2.16.3 and 2.17.0 through 2.17.2 allows remote authenticated users to retain access. HumanRefreshTokenWriteModel renewed refresh tokens without rejecting UserLockedEvent or UserDeactivatedEvent state changes. A previously issued refresh token remains usable until its configured expiration, but a fully terminated session cannot create a new session.

CVSS severity5.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.60%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Insufficient session expiration in ZITADEL 2.0.0 through 2.16.3 and 2.17.0 through 2.17.2 allows remote authenticated users to retain access. HumanRefreshTokenWriteModel renewed refresh tokens without rejecting UserLockedEvent or UserDeactivatedEvent state changes. A previously issued refresh token remains usable until its configured expiration, but a fully terminated session cannot create a new session.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-22492
Published
Jan 11, 2023
Updated
Mar 10, 2025
Vendor
ZITADEL
Product
ZITADEL
Classifications
CWE-613, T1550.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 11, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 10, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 2.0.0, < 2.16.4
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 2.17.0, < 2.17.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

ZITADEL · ZITADELversion=>= 2.0.0, < 2.16.4; version=>= 2.17.0, < 2.17.3

Published CVSS scores

5.9GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:H/A:N
5.9NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-613Insufficient Session Expiration
T1550.001Use Alternate Authentication Material: Application Access Token

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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