CVE-2023-2234

Code execution via Bluetooth HCI union confusion

Published Jul 10, 2023 · Updated Nov 7, 2024

Type confusion in the Bluetooth HCI host in Zephyr RTOS 3.3 and earlier allows physically proximate attackers to execute arbitrary code. The public record does not identify the union, function, or HCI message whose variant is confused. Exploitation requires control of the Bluetooth controller supplying HCI input and compromises the Zephyr host's code, data, and availability.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.50%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Type confusion in the Bluetooth HCI host in Zephyr RTOS 3.3 and earlier allows physically proximate attackers to execute arbitrary code. The public record does not identify the union, function, or HCI message whose variant is confused. Exploitation requires control of the Bluetooth controller supplying HCI input and compromises the Zephyr host's code, data, and availability.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-2234
Published
Jul 10, 2023
Updated
Nov 7, 2024
Vendor
Zephyr Project
Product
Zephyr RTOS
Classifications
CWE-843
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 10, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 7, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=3.3
  2. Affected versionversion=* <=3.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Zephyr Project · Zephyr RTOSversion=0 <=3.3; version=* <=3.3

Published CVSS scores

6.8Zephyr ProjectCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-843Access of Resource Using Incompatible Type ('Type Confusion')

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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