CVE-2023-2197

Root-key derivation via CBC padding oracle

Published May 1, 2023 · Updated Feb 13, 2025

Padding oracle exposure in HashiCorp Vault Enterprise 1.13.0 through 1.13.1 allows local users to derive the Vault root key. The HSM root-key-wrapping path fails to apply an HMAC to ciphertext returned by CKM_AES_CBC_PAD or CKM_AES_CBC operations, exposing padding validity. Exploitation requires one of those HSM mechanisms plus privileges to modify storage and restart Vault; the derived root key alone does not decrypt other Vault storage without HSM compromise.

CVSS severity2.5
Low
EPSS probability0.09%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Padding oracle exposure in HashiCorp Vault Enterprise 1.13.0 through 1.13.1 allows local users to derive the Vault root key. The HSM root-key-wrapping path fails to apply an HMAC to ciphertext returned by CKM_AES_CBC_PAD or CKM_AES_CBC operations, exposing padding validity. Exploitation requires one of those HSM mechanisms plus privileges to modify storage and restart Vault; the derived root key alone does not decrypt other Vault storage without HSM compromise.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-2197
Published
May 1, 2023
Updated
Feb 13, 2025
Vendor
HashiCorp
Product
Vault Enterprise
Classifications
CWE-326, CAPEC-463
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 1, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.13.0 <=1.13.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

HashiCorp · Vault Enterpriseversion=1.13.0 <=1.13.1

Published CVSS scores

2.5HashiCorp Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:L/I:N/A:N
2.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
2.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-326Inadequate Encryption Strength
CAPEC-463Padding Oracle Crypto Attack

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo