CVE-2023-21041

Local privilege escalation via parameter buffer overwrite

Published Mar 24, 2023 · Updated Feb 25, 2025

An out-of-bounds write in the GSC component of Google Pixel Android kernel allows local users to escalate privileges. The append_to_params function in param_util.c applies an incorrect bounds check while appending parameter data, permitting a write past the destination buffer. Exploitation requires local low-privileged execution but no user interaction, and successful memory corruption grants higher privileges.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.10%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

An out-of-bounds write in the GSC component of Google Pixel Android kernel allows local users to escalate privileges. The append_to_params function in param_util.c applies an incorrect bounds check while appending parameter data, permitting a write past the destination buffer. Exploitation requires local low-privileged execution but no user interaction, and successful memory corruption grants higher privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-21041
Published
Mar 24, 2023
Updated
Feb 25, 2025
Vendor
Google
Product
Google Pixel
Classifications
CWE-787, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 24, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 25, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=Android kernel

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Google · Google Pixelversion=Android kernel

Published CVSS scores

7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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