CVE-2023-1728Network attack vector

Unauthenticated command and SSI injection via file upload

Published Apr 4, 2023 · Updated May 22, 2026

Dangerous file upload in Fernus Informatics LMS before 23.04.03 allows remote attackers to execute OS commands or inject SSI. The upload path accepts a dangerous file type for automatic server processing, but published sources do not name the endpoint or failed validation check. No authentication or user interaction is required over the network, and successful exploitation permits command execution and server-side include injection.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.38%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Dangerous file upload in Fernus Informatics LMS before 23.04.03 allows remote attackers to execute OS commands or inject SSI. The upload path accepts a dangerous file type for automatic server processing, but published sources do not name the endpoint or failed validation check. No authentication or user interaction is required over the network, and successful exploitation permits command execution and server-side include injection.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-1728
Published
Apr 4, 2023
Updated
May 22, 2026
Vendor
Fernus Informatics
Product
Fernus LMS
Classifications
CWE-434, CAPEC-101, CAPEC-88, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 4, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 22, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <23.04.03

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Fernus Informatics · Fernus LMSversion=0 <23.04.03

Published CVSS scores

9.8TR-CERTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
CAPEC-101Server Side Include Injection
CAPEC-88OS Command Injection
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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