CVE-2023-1406Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Author-level code execution via executable form upload

Published Apr 10, 2023 · Updated Feb 11, 2025

Unrestricted file upload in Crocoblock JetEngine before 3.1.3.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute PHP on the server. The jet_engine_forms_import admin action accepts a multipart form_file upload and includes it without validating that its contents are non-executable. Author-level WordPress access is required, and successful exploitation runs attacker-supplied code with the web server's privileges.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability1.52%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Unrestricted file upload in Crocoblock JetEngine before 3.1.3.1 allows remote authenticated users to execute PHP on the server. The jet_engine_forms_import admin action accepts a multipart form_file upload and includes it without validating that its contents are non-executable. Author-level WordPress access is required, and successful exploitation runs attacker-supplied code with the web server's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-1406
Published
Apr 10, 2023
Updated
Feb 11, 2025
Vendor
Crocoblock
Product
JetEngine
Classifications
CWE-94, CWE-434, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 10, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <3.1.3.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Crocoblock · JetEngineversion=0 <3.1.3.1

Published CVSS scores

8.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8WordfenceCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-434Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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