CVE-2023-0860Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Brute-force exposure via missing login-attempt blocking

Published Feb 16, 2023 · Updated Mar 18, 2025

Improper login-attempt limiting in Modoboa Installer before 2.0.4 allows remote attackers to make unlimited authentication attempts. The installer omits Fail2Ban deployment and a Modoboa authentication-log filter, so repeated failed web logins are not blocked. Network access to the login interface is sufficient to sustain password guessing; account access still depends on finding valid credentials.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.66%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper login-attempt limiting in Modoboa Installer before 2.0.4 allows remote attackers to make unlimited authentication attempts. The installer omits Fail2Ban deployment and a Modoboa authentication-log filter, so repeated failed web logins are not blocked. Network access to the login interface is sufficient to sustain password guessing; account access still depends on finding valid credentials.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-0860
Published
Feb 16, 2023
Updated
Mar 18, 2025
Vendor
Modoboa
Product
Modoboa Installer
Classifications
CWE-307, T1110.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 16, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 18, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <2.0.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Modoboa · Modoboa Installerversion=unspecified <2.0.4

Published CVSS scores

7.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.8huntr.devCVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-307Improper Restriction of Excessive Authentication Attempts
T1110.001Password Guessing

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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