CVE-2023-0816Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Anti-spam bypass via spoofed client-IP headers

Published Mar 27, 2023 · Updated Feb 19, 2025

IP spoofing in Strategy11 LLC Formidable Forms before 6.1 allows remote attackers to bypass anti-spam protections via crafted headers. FrmAppHelper::get_ip_address trusts client-controlled forwarding and proxy headers when selecting the address recorded for a form submission. No authentication or user interaction is required, and the false address can misattribute entries and evade IP-based spam checks.

CVSS severity6.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.50%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

IP spoofing in Strategy11 LLC Formidable Forms before 6.1 allows remote attackers to bypass anti-spam protections via crafted headers. FrmAppHelper::get_ip_address trusts client-controlled forwarding and proxy headers when selecting the address recorded for a form submission. No authentication or user interaction is required, and the false address can misattribute entries and evade IP-based spam checks.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-0816
Published
Mar 27, 2023
Updated
Feb 19, 2025
Vendor
Business Directory Team
Product
Formidable Forms
Classifications
CWE-290, T1036
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 27, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <6.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Business Directory Team · Formidable Formsversion=0 <6.1

Published CVSS scores

6.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N
6.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-290Authentication Bypass by Spoofing
T1036Masquerading

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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