CVE-2023-0631Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authenticated SQL injection via membership shortcode levels

Published Mar 20, 2023 · Updated Feb 26, 2025

SQL injection in Paid Memberships Pro before 2.9.12 allows remote authenticated users to manipulate database queries through a shortcode. The pmpro_shortcode_membership function passes shortcode levels into an IN clause after applying esc_sql, which does not constrain the values to integers. Subscriber access is sufficient to invoke the WordPress shortcode AJAX action; crafted SQL can read or alter database data or interrupt queries.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability60.45%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

SQL injection in Paid Memberships Pro before 2.9.12 allows remote authenticated users to manipulate database queries through a shortcode. The pmpro_shortcode_membership function passes shortcode levels into an IN clause after applying esc_sql, which does not constrain the values to integers. Subscriber access is sufficient to invoke the WordPress shortcode AJAX action; crafted SQL can read or alter database data or interrupt queries.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-0631
Published
Mar 20, 2023
Updated
Feb 26, 2025
Vendor
Paid Memberships Pro
Product
Paid Memberships Pro
Classifications
CWE-89, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 20, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.5.5 <2.9.12

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Paid Memberships Pro · Paid Memberships Proversion=1.5.5 <2.9.12

Published CVSS scores

8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo