CVE-2023-0054Public exploit

Process-memory corruption via recursive substitute expression

Published Jan 4, 2023 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

Out-of-bounds write in Vim before 9.0.1145 allows local users to corrupt process memory through a recursive substitute expression. In src/eval.c, do_string_sub() treats a nonpositive vim_regsub() result as a substitution length and uses it in grow-array size arithmetic instead of stopping. Execution requires a user to run attacker-controlled Vim commands or a Vim script; the resulting memory corruption can crash Vim or alter data in its process.

CVSS severity7.3
High
EPSS probability0.47%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds write in Vim before 9.0.1145 allows local users to corrupt process memory through a recursive substitute expression. In src/eval.c, do_string_sub() treats a nonpositive vim_regsub() result as a substitution length and uses it in grow-array size arithmetic instead of stopping. Execution requires a user to run attacker-controlled Vim commands or a Vim script; the resulting memory corruption can crash Vim or alter data in its process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2023-0054
Published
Jan 4, 2023
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
Vim
Product
Vim
Classifications
CWE-787, T1204.002
Attack vector
local
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 4, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <9.0.1145

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

Vim · Vimversion=unspecified <9.0.1145

Published CVSS scores

7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.3Protect AICVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1204.002Malicious File

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo