CVE-2022-49721

Kernel panic via mishandled ftrace trampoline PLTs

Published Feb 26, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026

A denial-of-service flaw in Linux arm64 ftrace allows local users to trigger internal tracing errors or a kernel panic. The ftrace_modify_call() path generates branch instructions from trampoline addresses without consistently substituting required Procedure Linkage Table entries, so an out-of-range new target can leave a BRK at the callsite. The demonstrated trigger loads an out-of-tree module and invokes a PLT-dependent callback change; internal ftrace errors are more likely than a system-interrupting panic.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.26%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

A denial-of-service flaw in Linux arm64 ftrace allows local users to trigger internal tracing errors or a kernel panic. The ftrace_modify_call() path generates branch instructions from trampoline addresses without consistently substituting required Procedure Linkage Table entries, so an out-of-range new target can leave a BRK at the callsite. The demonstrated trigger loads an out-of-tree module and invokes a PLT-dependent callback change; internal ftrace errors are more likely than a system-interrupting panic.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-49721
Published
Feb 26, 2025
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 26, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3b23e4991fb66f6d152f9055ede271a726ef9f21 <a6253579977e4c6f7818eeb05bf2bc65678a7187
  2. Affected versionversion=3b23e4991fb66f6d152f9055ede271a726ef9f21 <bc28fde90937a920f7714ec4408269cac744f796
  3. Affected versionversion=3b23e4991fb66f6d152f9055ede271a726ef9f21 <db73aa9466338ec821ed2a0b01721fe4d06876b1
  4. Affected versionversion=3b23e4991fb66f6d152f9055ede271a726ef9f21 <dcecc96ed16f73417de5550f384e348c9d56f279
  5. Affected versionversion=5.5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=3b23e4991fb66f6d152f9055ede271a726ef9f21 <a6253579977e4c6f7818eeb05bf2bc65678a7187; version=3b23e4991fb66f6d152f9055ede271a726ef9f21 <bc28fde90937a920f7714ec4408269cac744f796; version=3b23e4991fb66f6d152f9055ede271a726ef9f21 <db73aa9466338ec821ed2a0b01721fe4d06876b1; version=3b23e4991fb66f6d152f9055ede271a726ef9f21 <dcecc96ed16f73417de5550f384e348c9d56f279; version=5.5

Published CVSS scores

5.5UbuntuCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5SUSECVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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