Guest-to-host disruption via RSB poisoning
Published Feb 26, 2025 · Updated May 23, 2026
Speculative-execution failure in Linux kernel KVM x86 builds allows guest OS users to disrupt the host through return-stack-buffer poisoning. The VM-exit return path restores host SPEC_CTRL state too late and can reach an unbalanced return before filling the RSB, allowing guest-controlled predictions to influence host speculation. Access to an x86 KVM guest is required; NVD bounds the scored impact to availability, but public sources do not identify the resulting hang, crash, or reboot behavior.
Summary
What happened
Speculative-execution failure in Linux kernel KVM x86 builds allows guest OS users to disrupt the host through return-stack-buffer poisoning. The VM-exit return path restores host SPEC_CTRL state too late and can reach an unbalanced return before filling the RSB, allowing guest-controlled predictions to influence host speculation. Access to an x86 KVM guest is required; NVD bounds the scored impact to availability, but public sources do not identify the resulting hang, crash, or reboot behavior.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2022-49611
- Published
- Feb 26, 2025
- Updated
- May 23, 2026
- Vendor
- The Linux Kernel Organization
- Product
- Linux
- Classifications
- T1499
- Attack vector
- local
- Privileges
- authenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Feb 26, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- May 23, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=117cc7a908c83697b0b737d15ae1eb5943afe35b <17a9fc4a7b91f8599223631bb6ae6416bc0de1c0
- Affected versionversion=117cc7a908c83697b0b737d15ae1eb5943afe35b <4d7f72b6e1bc630bec7e4cd51814bc2b092bf153
- Affected versionversion=117cc7a908c83697b0b737d15ae1eb5943afe35b <8c38306e2e9257af4af2819aa287a4711ff36329
- Affected versionversion=117cc7a908c83697b0b737d15ae1eb5943afe35b <8d5cff499a6d740c91ff37963907e0e983c37f0f
- Affected versionversion=117cc7a908c83697b0b737d15ae1eb5943afe35b <9756bba28470722dacb79ffce554336dd1f6a6cd
- Affected versionversion=117cc7a908c83697b0b737d15ae1eb5943afe35b <f744b88dfc201bf8092833ec70b23c720188b527
- Affected versionversion=20e080e2752d108388d386ecc0b33d7797dfb18f
- Affected versionversion=3.16.56 <3.17
- Affected versionversion=3.2.101 <3.3
- Affected versionversion=4.14.14 <4.14.297
- Affected versionversion=4.15
- Affected versionversion=4.4.113 <4.5
- Affected versionversion=4.9.77 <4.10
- Affected versionversion=68d1f7a3f1a35639a563bbad768d5df885b4ff05
- Affected versionversion=b9cdaaf0a3becc52e8b4662fef28c452c4f009b4 <3d323b99ff5c8c57005184056d65f6af5b0479d8
- Affected versionversion=c1ddd99a029636e234a800f28790a60d6ac0318f
- Affected versionversion=eebc3f8adee0a6f43a4789ef0bf5c5b35de8cfe4
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
No public exploit references are available in this record.
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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