CVE-2022-49325Network attack vector

Host crash via zero TCP congestion window

Published Feb 26, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Reachable assertion in the Linux kernel 2.6.17 through 5.18.4 allows remote attackers to crash the host via TCP ACKs. TCP congestion-control paths can write zero to tp->snd_cwnd, violating the positive-window invariant; later assertions or divisions panic the kernel. An established data-carrying TCP connection is sufficient; no authentication or user interaction is required, and the effect is limited to availability.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.63%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Reachable assertion in the Linux kernel 2.6.17 through 5.18.4 allows remote attackers to crash the host via TCP ACKs. TCP congestion-control paths can write zero to tp->snd_cwnd, violating the positive-window invariant; later assertions or divisions panic the kernel. An established data-carrying TCP connection is sufficient; no authentication or user interaction is required, and the effect is limited to availability.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-49325
Published
Feb 26, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
CWE-617, T1499
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 26, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=2.6.17
  2. Affected versionversion=5d424d5a674f782d0659a3b66d951f412901faee <3308676ec525901bf1656014003c443a60730a04
  3. Affected versionversion=5d424d5a674f782d0659a3b66d951f412901faee <40570375356c874b1578e05c1dcc3ff7c1322dbe
  4. Affected versionversion=5d424d5a674f782d0659a3b66d951f412901faee <41e191fe72282e193a7744e2fc1786b23156c9e4
  5. Affected versionversion=5d424d5a674f782d0659a3b66d951f412901faee <5aba0ad44fb4a7fb78c5076c313456de199a3c29

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=2.6.17; version=5d424d5a674f782d0659a3b66d951f412901faee <3308676ec525901bf1656014003c443a60730a04; version=5d424d5a674f782d0659a3b66d951f412901faee <40570375356c874b1578e05c1dcc3ff7c1322dbe; version=5d424d5a674f782d0659a3b66d951f412901faee <41e191fe72282e193a7744e2fc1786b23156c9e4; version=5d424d5a674f782d0659a3b66d951f412901faee <5aba0ad44fb4a7fb78c5076c313456de199a3c29

Published CVSS scores

7.5Linux kernel security teamCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-617Reachable Assertion
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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