CVE-2022-49228

Local kernel crash via unvalidated BTF function prototype

Published Feb 26, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026

Improper BTF validation in Linux 5.16 allows local users to crash the kernel by loading a crafted function declaration tag. In btf_decl_tag_resolve, a function type lacking its own resolve callback reaches btf_type_vlen before btf_func_check rejects an out-of-range function prototype. Reachability requires local low-privileged access to the bpf system call, and successful triggering interrupts the host.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.25%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper BTF validation in Linux 5.16 allows local users to crash the kernel by loading a crafted function declaration tag. In btf_decl_tag_resolve, a function type lacking its own resolve callback reaches btf_type_vlen before btf_func_check rejects an out-of-range function prototype. Reachability requires local low-privileged access to the bpf system call, and successful triggering interrupts the host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-49228
Published
Feb 26, 2025
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
CWE-476, T1499
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 26, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5.16
  2. Affected versionversion=b5ea834dde6b6e7f75e51d5f66dac8cd7c97b5ef <796d5666f6422ddadc938fb888044fcc16f2dbe3
  3. Affected versionversion=b5ea834dde6b6e7f75e51d5f66dac8cd7c97b5ef <a3bcd2110c087bc62e90fddd4a93237b049d6e68
  4. Affected versionversion=b5ea834dde6b6e7f75e51d5f66dac8cd7c97b5ef <d7e7b42f4f956f2c68ad8cda87d750093dbba737

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=5.16; version=b5ea834dde6b6e7f75e51d5f66dac8cd7c97b5ef <796d5666f6422ddadc938fb888044fcc16f2dbe3; version=b5ea834dde6b6e7f75e51d5f66dac8cd7c97b5ef <a3bcd2110c087bc62e90fddd4a93237b049d6e68; version=b5ea834dde6b6e7f75e51d5f66dac8cd7c97b5ef <d7e7b42f4f956f2c68ad8cda87d750093dbba737

Published CVSS scores

5.5SUSECVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5UbuntuCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
6.8SUSECVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-476NULL Pointer Dereference
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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