CVE-2022-48881

Resource exhaustion via unreleased PCI device reference

Published Aug 21, 2024 · Updated May 11, 2026

A reference-count leak in Linux 5.18 through 6.1.6 allows local users to exhaust resources through AMD PMC probe failures. In amd_pmc_probe, an amd_pmc_s2d_init error returns without calling pci_dev_put on the reference acquired by pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot. Reachability requires supported AMD hardware and a failing Spill-to-DRAM initialization path; repeated probes retain PCI-device references.

CVSS severity7.1
High
EPSS probability0.23%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

A reference-count leak in Linux 5.18 through 6.1.6 allows local users to exhaust resources through AMD PMC probe failures. In amd_pmc_probe, an amd_pmc_s2d_init error returns without calling pci_dev_put on the reference acquired by pci_get_domain_bus_and_slot. Reachability requires supported AMD hardware and a failing Spill-to-DRAM initialization path; repeated probes retain PCI-device references.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-48881
Published
Aug 21, 2024
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499.001
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 21, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3d7d407dfb05b257e15cb0c6b056428a4a8c2e5d <3944162821295993ec89992dec98ab6be6306cc0
  2. Affected versionversion=3d7d407dfb05b257e15cb0c6b056428a4a8c2e5d <ccb32e2be14271a60e9ba89c6d5660cc9998773c
  3. Affected versionversion=5.18

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=3d7d407dfb05b257e15cb0c6b056428a4a8c2e5d <3944162821295993ec89992dec98ab6be6306cc0; version=3d7d407dfb05b257e15cb0c6b056428a4a8c2e5d <ccb32e2be14271a60e9ba89c6d5660cc9998773c; version=5.18

Published CVSS scores

7.1NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499.001Endpoint Denial of Service: OS Exhaustion Flood

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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