CVE-2022-48021Network attack vector

Code execution via rebroadcast crafted messages

Published Feb 3, 2023 · Updated Mar 26, 2025

Code injection in Zammad 5.3.0 allows remote attackers to execute code in active front ends through a crafted server message. The server rebroadcasts attacker-supplied WebSocket or AJAX message content to every active front end, which reacts to the payload without safely rejecting it. No authentication is required to send the crafted message; execution occurs in active front-end sessions and can reach server-side privilege escalation within each session's permission set.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.88%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Zammad 5.3.0 allows remote attackers to execute code in active front ends through a crafted server message. The server rebroadcasts attacker-supplied WebSocket or AJAX message content to every active front end, which reacts to the payload without safely rejecting it. No authentication is required to send the crafted message; execution occurs in active front-end sessions and can reach server-side privilege escalation within each session's permission set.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-48021
Published
Feb 3, 2023
Updated
Mar 26, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 3, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 26, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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