CVE-2022-45442Network attack vector

User-assisted code execution via unescaped filename

Published Nov 28, 2022 · Updated Nov 4, 2025

Header injection in Sinatra 2.0 through 2.2.2 and 3.0 through 3.0.3 allows remote attackers to deliver reflected file downloads. The attachment helper placed File.basename(filename) inside the Content-Disposition header without escaping quotes, carriage returns, or line feeds. Exploitation requires an application to pass attacker-controlled filename data and a user to open the resulting download, which executes attacker-supplied content in the user's context.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.67%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Header injection in Sinatra 2.0 through 2.2.2 and 3.0 through 3.0.3 allows remote attackers to deliver reflected file downloads. The attachment helper placed File.basename(filename) inside the Content-Disposition header without escaping quotes, carriage returns, or line feeds. Exploitation requires an application to pass attacker-controlled filename data and a user to open the resulting download, which executes attacker-supplied content in the user's context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-45442
Published
Nov 28, 2022
Updated
Nov 4, 2025
Vendor
Sinatra
Product
Sinatra
Classifications
CWE-494, T1204.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 28, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 2.0, < 2.2.3
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 3.0, < 3.0.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Sinatra · Sinatraversion=>= 2.0, < 2.2.3; version=>= 3.0, < 3.0.4

Published CVSS scores

8.8GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-494Download of Code Without Integrity Check
T1204.002Malicious File

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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