CVE-2022-4539Network attack vector

Unauthenticated login-block bypass via trusted forwarding header

Published Aug 31, 2024 · Updated Apr 8, 2026

IP address spoofing in miniOrange Web Application Firewall 2.1.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass IP and country login blocks. The client-IP helper in helper/utility.php trusts an attacker-supplied X-Forwarded-For value when choosing the address used for request logs and login restrictions. No authentication is required to falsify logged source addresses, while bypassing a login block requires IP- or country-based restrictions to be enabled.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.63%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

IP address spoofing in miniOrange Web Application Firewall 2.1.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass IP and country login blocks. The client-IP helper in helper/utility.php trusts an attacker-supplied X-Forwarded-For value when choosing the address used for request logs and login restrictions. No authentication is required to falsify logged source addresses, while bypassing a login block requires IP- or country-based restrictions to be enabled.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-4539
Published
Aug 31, 2024
Updated
Apr 8, 2026
Vendor
miniOrange
Product
Web Application Firewall – website security
Classifications
CWE-348, CWE-345, T1036
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 31, 2024CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 8, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=2.1.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

miniOrange · Web Application Firewall – website securityversion=0 <=2.1.2

Published CVSS scores

5.3WordfenceCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-348Use of Less Trusted Source
CWE-345Insufficient Verification of Data Authenticity
T1036Masquerading

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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