CVE-2022-4510

Code execution via unresolved PFS extraction paths

Published Jan 25, 2023 · Updated Dec 16, 2025

Path traversal in ReFirm Labs Binwalk 2.1.2b through 2.3.3 allows remote attackers to execute code through a crafted PFS file in extraction mode. The PFS extractor joins an entry name to its output directory without resolving traversal segments, then applies an ineffective prefix check and writes the entry outside that directory. Exploitation requires an operator to run Binwalk with the -e option; a file placed in the user plugin directory executes with that operator's privileges.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability22.01%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Path traversal in ReFirm Labs Binwalk 2.1.2b through 2.3.3 allows remote attackers to execute code through a crafted PFS file in extraction mode. The PFS extractor joins an entry name to its output directory without resolving traversal segments, then applies an ineffective prefix check and writes the entry outside that directory. Exploitation requires an operator to run Binwalk with the -e option; a file placed in the user plugin directory executes with that operator's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-4510
Published
Jan 25, 2023
Updated
Dec 16, 2025
Vendor
ReFirm Labs
Product
Binwalk
Classifications
CWE-22, T1204.002
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jan 25, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 16, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

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  1. Affected versionversion=2.1.2b <=2.3.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ReFirm Labs · Binwalkversion=2.1.2b <=2.3.3

Published CVSS scores

7.8ONEKEY GmbHCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
T1204.002Malicious File

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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