CVE-2022-45025Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Arbitrary command execution via shell-enabled PDF import

Published Dec 7, 2022 · Updated Apr 23, 2025

OS command injection in Markdown Preview Enhanced 0.6.5 and 0.19.6 allows attackers to execute commands through a crafted PDF import. In pdf.ts, the PDF conversion path inserts the import's pdfFilePath into pdf2svg arguments and calls child_process.spawn with shell execution enabled. Exploitation requires a user to open the preview of a malicious Markdown document, after which the injected command runs with the editor user's privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability34.77%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in Markdown Preview Enhanced 0.6.5 and 0.19.6 allows attackers to execute commands through a crafted PDF import. In pdf.ts, the PDF conversion path inserts the import's pdfFilePath into pdf2svg arguments and calls child_process.spawn with shell execution enabled. Exploitation requires a user to open the preview of a malicious Markdown document, after which the injected command runs with the editor user's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-45025
Published
Dec 7, 2022
Updated
Apr 23, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-78, T1204.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 7, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1204.002User Execution: Malicious File

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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