CVE-2022-41985Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Authentication bypass via incorrect FTP session transition

Published May 10, 2023 · Updated Jan 24, 2025

Authentication bypass in Weston Embedded Solutions uC/FTPs 1.98.00 allows remote attackers to execute protected FTP commands without logging in. After USER sets CtrlState to FTPs_STATE_GOTUSER, an out-of-sequence command returns an error but incorrectly advances it to FTPs_STATE_LOGIN without invoking authentication. Unauthenticated network access is sufficient; path-building commands can then use unset BasePath and RelPath fields and crash the FTP server.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability1.49%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Weston Embedded Solutions uC/FTPs 1.98.00 allows remote attackers to execute protected FTP commands without logging in. After USER sets CtrlState to FTPs_STATE_GOTUSER, an out-of-sequence command returns an error but incorrectly advances it to FTPs_STATE_LOGIN without invoking authentication. Unauthenticated network access is sufficient; path-building commands can then use unset BasePath and RelPath fields and crash the FTP server.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-41985
Published
May 10, 2023
Updated
Jan 24, 2025
Vendor
Weston Embedded Solutions
Product
uC/FTPs
Classifications
CWE-303, CWE-287, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 10, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jan 24, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=v 1.98.00

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Weston Embedded Solutions · uC/FTPsversion=v 1.98.00

Published CVSS scores

8.6Cisco TalosCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-303Incorrect Implementation of Authentication Algorithm
CWE-287Improper Authentication
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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