CVE-2022-39198Network attack vector

Remote code execution via non-serializable gadget deserialization

Published Oct 18, 2022 · Updated May 13, 2025

Deserialization in Hessian Lite in Apache Dubbo 2.7.17 and earlier, 3.0.11 and earlier, and 3.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute code. The SerializerFactory default deserializer creates a JavaDeserializer for attacker-selected classes without first requiring java.io.Serializable, and its deny list omitted gadget types. Reachability requires a Dubbo endpoint that accepts Hessian2 RPC input and a usable gadget class on the service classpath; successful exploitation runs code in the service process.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability2.57%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Deserialization in Hessian Lite in Apache Dubbo 2.7.17 and earlier, 3.0.11 and earlier, and 3.1.0 allows remote attackers to execute code. The SerializerFactory default deserializer creates a JavaDeserializer for attacker-selected classes without first requiring java.io.Serializable, and its deny list omitted gadget types. Reachability requires a Dubbo endpoint that accepts Hessian2 RPC input and a usable gadget class on the service classpath; successful exploitation runs code in the service process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-39198
Published
Oct 18, 2022
Updated
May 13, 2025
Vendor
The Apache Software Foundation
Product
Apache Dubbo
Classifications
CWE-502, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 18, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 13, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=Apache Dubbo 2.7.x <=2.7.17
  2. Affected versionversion=Apache Dubbo 3.0.x <=3.0.11
  3. Affected versionversion=Apache Dubbo 3.1.x <=3.1.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Apache Software Foundation · Apache Dubboversion=Apache Dubbo 2.7.x <=2.7.17; version=Apache Dubbo 3.0.x <=3.0.11; version=Apache Dubbo 3.1.x <=3.1.0

Published CVSS scores

9.8GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-502Deserialization of Untrusted Data
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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