CVE-2022-36025Network attack vector

Consensus failure via incorrect CALL gas conversion

Published Sep 24, 2022 · Updated Apr 23, 2025

Numeric conversion error in Hyperledger Besu 22.4.0-RC2 through 22.7.0-RC4 allows remote attackers to cause consensus failure. The EVM CALL and DELEGATECALL gas calculation mixes 32-bit signed and unsigned values, passing excess or negative gas into inner calls and returning the wrong remainder. A crafted transaction whose outcome depends on available gas can split state roots across mixed-client networks or exceed requested gas limits on Besu-only networks.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability0.92%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Numeric conversion error in Hyperledger Besu 22.4.0-RC2 through 22.7.0-RC4 allows remote attackers to cause consensus failure. The EVM CALL and DELEGATECALL gas calculation mixes 32-bit signed and unsigned values, passing excess or negative gas into inner calls and returning the wrong remainder. A crafted transaction whose outcome depends on available gas can split state roots across mixed-client networks or exceed requested gas limits on Besu-only networks.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-36025
Published
Sep 24, 2022
Updated
Apr 23, 2025
Vendor
Hyperledger Foundation
Product
Hyperledger Besu
Classifications
CWE-681, CWE-196, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 24, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=> 22.1.3, < 22.7.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Hyperledger Foundation · Hyperledger Besuversion=> 22.1.3, < 22.7.1

Published CVSS scores

9.1GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-681Incorrect Conversion between Numeric Types
CWE-196Unsigned to Signed Conversion Error
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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