CVE-2022-31198Network attack vector

Defeated proposal execution via current quorum calculation

Published Aug 1, 2022 · Updated Apr 23, 2025

Incorrect quorum calculation in OpenZeppelin Contracts 4.3.0 through 4.7.1 allows attackers to execute defeated proposals. GovernorVotesQuorumFraction evaluates each proposal against the current quorum numerator instead of the value at the proposal snapshot block. The condition requires a governance vote that lowers quorum and an older proposal defeated only for insufficient quorum whose votes satisfy the new threshold.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.75%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Incorrect quorum calculation in OpenZeppelin Contracts 4.3.0 through 4.7.1 allows attackers to execute defeated proposals. GovernorVotesQuorumFraction evaluates each proposal against the current quorum numerator instead of the value at the proposal snapshot block. The condition requires a governance vote that lowers quorum and an older proposal defeated only for insufficient quorum whose votes satisfy the new threshold.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-31198
Published
Aug 1, 2022
Updated
Apr 23, 2025
Vendor
OpenZeppelin
Product
OpenZeppelin Contracts
Classifications
CWE-682
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 1, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 4.3.0, < 4.7.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

OpenZeppelin · OpenZeppelin Contractsversion=>= 4.3.0, < 4.7.2

Published CVSS scores

7.5NISTCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
7.5GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-682Incorrect Calculation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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