CVE-2022-28494Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Arbitrary command execution via unfiltered firmware filename

Published Mar 23, 2023 · Updated Feb 25, 2025

OS command injection in TOTOLINK CP900 firmware 6.3c.566_B20171026 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted upload request. The setUpgradeFW handler passes the multipart filename into an operating-system command without filtering shell metacharacters. NVD rates the network attack as unauthenticated, although the published proof-of-concept request carries a session cookie; successful exploitation runs commands with the management service's privileges.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability2.55%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in TOTOLINK CP900 firmware 6.3c.566_B20171026 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via a crafted upload request. The setUpgradeFW handler passes the multipart filename into an operating-system command without filtering shell metacharacters. NVD rates the network attack as unauthenticated, although the published proof-of-concept request carries a session cookie; successful exploitation runs commands with the management service's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-28494
Published
Mar 23, 2023
Updated
Feb 25, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 23, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 25, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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