CVE-2022-25757Network attack vector

Request validation bypass via duplicate JSON keys

Published Mar 28, 2022 · Updated Aug 3, 2024

Improper input validation in Apache APISIX 2.12.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass request body schema checks. The request-validation plugin decodes duplicate JSON keys with lua-cjson, validates the last value, then forwards the original body so an upstream parser can consume the first value. Exploitation requires body_schema validation, a first-key-wins upstream library such as jsoniter or gojay, and no further upstream validation.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability2.48%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper input validation in Apache APISIX 2.12.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to bypass request body schema checks. The request-validation plugin decodes duplicate JSON keys with lua-cjson, validates the last value, then forwards the original body so an upstream parser can consume the first value. Exploitation requires body_schema validation, a first-key-wins upstream library such as jsoniter or gojay, and no further upstream validation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-25757
Published
Mar 28, 2022
Updated
Aug 3, 2024
Vendor
The Apache Software Foundation
Product
Apache APISIX
Classifications
CWE-20, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 28, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 3, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=Apache APISIX <=2.12.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Apache Software Foundation · Apache APISIXversion=Apache APISIX <=2.12.1

Published CVSS scores

6.8NIST National Vulnerability DatabaseAV:N/AC:M/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
9.8NIST National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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