CVE-2022-24881Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote code execution via unsafe template evaluation

Published Apr 26, 2022 · Updated Apr 22, 2025

Code injection in BallCat Codegen before 1.0.0.beta.2 allows remote authenticated users to execute OS commands through crafted templates. The Velocity and FreeMarker renderers evaluate user-controlled template content without restricting class resolution or reflective access to Java runtime facilities. Access to template management and code preview is required; successful rendering runs attacker-selected commands with the server process's privileges.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability3.20%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in BallCat Codegen before 1.0.0.beta.2 allows remote authenticated users to execute OS commands through crafted templates. The Velocity and FreeMarker renderers evaluate user-controlled template content without restricting class resolution or reflective access to Java runtime facilities. Access to template management and code preview is required; successful rendering runs attacker-selected commands with the server process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-24881
Published
Apr 26, 2022
Updated
Apr 22, 2025
Vendor
BallCat Projects
Product
BallCat Codegen
Classifications
CWE-78, CWE-94, CWE-20, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 26, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 22, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.0.0.beta.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

BallCat Projects · BallCat Codegenversion=< 1.0.0.beta.2

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5NIST NVDAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-20Improper Input Validation
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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