CVE-2022-23649Public exploit

False Rekor verification via mismatched bundle signature

Published Feb 18, 2022 · Updated Apr 23, 2025

Improper Rekor bundle validation in Sigstore Cosign before 1.5.2 allows attackers to falsely verify an unlogged OCI signature. VerifyBundle trusted the signedEntryTimestamp signature without comparing it to the OCI signature being verified, so a copied valid bundle passed. Attackers need pull and push permissions for the signature in OCI; the result is a false claim that the signature exists in Rekor.

CVSS severity3.3
Low
EPSS probability0.16%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper Rekor bundle validation in Sigstore Cosign before 1.5.2 allows attackers to falsely verify an unlogged OCI signature. VerifyBundle trusted the signedEntryTimestamp signature without comparing it to the OCI signature being verified, so a copied valid bundle passed. Attackers need pull and push permissions for the signature in OCI; the result is a false claim that the signature exists in Rekor.

The record

CVE
CVE-2022-23649
Published
Feb 18, 2022
Updated
Apr 23, 2025
Vendor
Sigstore
Product
Cosign
Classifications
CWE-295, T1565.001
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 18, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.5.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Sigstore · Cosignversion=< 1.5.2

Published CVSS scores

2.1NVDAV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:N/I:P/A:N
3.3GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-295Improper Certificate Validation
T1565.001Data Manipulation: Stored Data Manipulation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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