CVE-2021-46361Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote code execution via FreeMarker restriction bypass

Published Feb 11, 2022 · Updated Aug 4, 2024

Server-side template injection in Magnolia CMS 6.2.11 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through FreeMarker payloads. The filter blocks dangerous FreeMarker built-ins and Java reflection entry points but exposes ctx, which reaches the servlet class loader and reflectively instantiates FreeMarker's Execute utility. Exploitation requires a path to modify an FTL file or dynamic field that evaluates FreeMarker code, after which commands execute on the server.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability2.78%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Server-side template injection in Magnolia CMS 6.2.11 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through FreeMarker payloads. The filter blocks dangerous FreeMarker built-ins and Java reflection entry points but exposes ctx, which reaches the servlet class loader and reflectively instantiates FreeMarker's Execute utility. Exploitation requires a path to modify an FTL file or dynamic field that evaluates FreeMarker code, after which commands execute on the server.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-46361
Published
Feb 11, 2022
Updated
Aug 4, 2024
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 11, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 4, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5NIST NVDAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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