CVE-2021-45423Network attack vector

Code execution via mismatched export-table counts

Published Mar 13, 2023 · Updated Mar 3, 2025

Buffer overflow in Pev 0.81 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by supplying a crafted PE file for export parsing. In exports.c, pe_exports allocates the offsets_to_Names stack array using NumberOfFunctions, then writes entries while iterating through the potentially larger NumberOfNames count. Exploitation requires export-table counts that drive NumberOfNames beyond the NumberOfFunctions-sized array; successful corruption executes code in the parsing process.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.13%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Buffer overflow in Pev 0.81 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code by supplying a crafted PE file for export parsing. In exports.c, pe_exports allocates the offsets_to_Names stack array using NumberOfFunctions, then writes entries while iterating through the potentially larger NumberOfNames count. Exploitation requires export-table counts that drive NumberOfNames beyond the NumberOfFunctions-sized array; successful corruption executes code in the parsing process.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-45423
Published
Mar 13, 2023
Updated
Mar 3, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-120, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 13, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-120Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input ('Classic Buffer Overflow')
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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