CVE-2021-45382Known exploitationPublic exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via DDNS input

Published Feb 17, 2022 · Updated Oct 21, 2025

Remote command execution in D-Link DIR-series routers allows remote attackers to execute commands through the DDNS function. The ncc2 binary processes DDNS input without neutralizing command metacharacters, enabling OS command injection. The network-facing flaw requires no authentication or user interaction and can let attackers read or alter router data, interrupt service, and execute arbitrary commands.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability97.84%
Next 30 days · Nov 1, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Remote command execution in D-Link DIR-series routers allows remote attackers to execute commands through the DDNS function. The ncc2 binary processes DDNS input without neutralizing command metacharacters, enabling OS command injection. The network-facing flaw requires no authentication or user interaction and can let attackers read or alter router data, interrupt service, and execute arbitrary commands.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-45382
Published
Feb 17, 2022
Updated
Oct 21, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-78, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 17, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 4, 2022Exploitation reportedD-Link Multiple Routers Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
  3. Oct 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

10.0NVDAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Activity data is delayed. The latest report is Sep 28, 2026.

Daily unique IPsShadowserver observations through Sep 28, 2026. Gaps indicate unavailable data.
Sep 22, 2026Sep 28, 2026
View daily counts
Reporting dayUnique IPs
Sep 22, 20267
Sep 23, 20262
Sep 24, 20264
Sep 25, 202610
Sep 26, 20263
Sep 27, 202613
Sep 28, 20267
Latest reporting daySep 28, 2026
Latest daily unique IPs7
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-78Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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