CVE-2021-43831Network attack vector

Arbitrary host-file read via unsafe path join

Published Dec 15, 2021 · Updated Aug 4, 2024

Path traversal in Gradio before 2.5.0 allows remote attackers with a shared interface link to read arbitrary host files. The /file route passes its attacker-controlled path to os.path.join with the application's working directory and then send_file; the patch replaces that operation with safe_join. The interface must be actively shared and the attacker must know a target file's path; access is read-only and bounded by the host process's filesystem permissions.

CVSS severity7.7
High
EPSS probability3.79%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Path traversal in Gradio before 2.5.0 allows remote attackers with a shared interface link to read arbitrary host files. The /file route passes its attacker-controlled path to os.path.join with the application's working directory and then send_file; the patch replaces that operation with safe_join. The interface must be actively shared and the attacker must know a target file's path; access is read-only and bounded by the host process's filesystem permissions.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-43831
Published
Dec 15, 2021
Updated
Aug 4, 2024
Vendor
Gradio
Product
Gradio
Classifications
CWE-22, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Dec 15, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 4, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.5.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Gradio · Gradioversion=< 2.5.0

Published CVSS scores

3.5NVDAV:N/AC:M/Au:S/C:P/I:N/A:N
8.3GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:L
7.7NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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