CVE-2021-42378Network attack vector

Service crash via crafted awk pattern

Published Nov 15, 2021 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

A use-after-free in BusyBox awk before 1.34.0 allows attackers to crash the applet by supplying a crafted awk pattern. The getvar_i function accesses freed memory while processing the attacker-controlled pattern. Exploitation requires the pattern to reach awk as its first argument; researchers demonstrated crash potential but did not develop code execution.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability2.73%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

A use-after-free in BusyBox awk before 1.34.0 allows attackers to crash the applet by supplying a crafted awk pattern. The getvar_i function accesses freed memory while processing the attacker-controlled pattern. Exploitation requires the pattern to reach awk as its first argument; researchers demonstrated crash potential but did not develop code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-42378
Published
Nov 15, 2021
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
BusyBox
Product
BusyBox
Classifications
CWE-416, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 15, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=unspecified <1.34.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

BusyBox · BusyBoxversion=unspecified <1.34.0

Published CVSS scores

7.2CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.2NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-416Use After Free
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo