CVE-2021-41599Network attack vector

Authenticated code execution through Pages builds

Published Feb 17, 2022 · Updated Aug 4, 2024

Command injection in GitHub Enterprise Server before 3.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through GitHub Pages site builds. GitHub classifies the flaw as command injection but has not published the affected build component or how untrusted site content reaches a command invocation. Exploitation requires permission to create and build a Pages site, and successful exploitation executes code on the server.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability2.22%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in GitHub Enterprise Server before 3.3 allows remote authenticated users to execute code through GitHub Pages site builds. GitHub classifies the flaw as command injection but has not published the affected build component or how untrusted site content reaches a command invocation. Exploitation requires permission to create and build a Pages site, and successful exploitation executes code on the server.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-41599
Published
Feb 17, 2022
Updated
Aug 4, 2024
Vendor
Twitter
Product
GitHub Enterprise Server
Classifications
CWE-77, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 17, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 4, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.0 <3.0.21
  2. Affected versionversion=3.1 <3.1.13
  3. Affected versionversion=3.2 <3.2.5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Twitter · GitHub Enterprise Serverversion=3.0 <3.0.21; version=3.1 <3.1.13; version=3.2 <3.2.5

Published CVSS scores

8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.5NIST NVDAV:N/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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