CVE-2021-41170Network attack vector

Function execution via automatic callable registration

Published Nov 8, 2021 · Updated Aug 4, 2024

Code injection in sroehrl neoan3-apps/template before 1.1.1 allows remote attackers to execute callable values during template rendering. Template::embrace automatically registers each callable data-array value as a closure under its input key, exposing it for invocation by template expressions. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled input or database content to reach a rendered template; the invoked in-scope function or method determines the resulting impact.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.58%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in sroehrl neoan3-apps/template before 1.1.1 allows remote attackers to execute callable values during template rendering. Template::embrace automatically registers each callable data-array value as a closure under its input key, exposing it for invocation by template expressions. Exploitation requires attacker-controlled input or database content to reach a rendered template; the invoked in-scope function or method determines the resulting impact.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-41170
Published
Nov 8, 2021
Updated
Aug 4, 2024
Vendor
sroehrl
Product
neoan3-apps/template
Classifications
CWE-277, CWE-74
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 8, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 4, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.1.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

sroehrl · neoan3-apps/templateversion=< 1.1.1

Published CVSS scores

9.8GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.5NIST NVDAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-277Insecure Inherited Permissions
CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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