CVE-2021-40265Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Heap overwrite via malformed JPEG component count

Published Aug 22, 2023 · Updated Oct 3, 2024

Heap overflow in FreeImage before 1.18.0 allows context-dependent attackers to overwrite heap memory with a crafted JPEG file. PluginJPEG.cpp's Load function trusts the JPEG SOF component count, allocates a default-sized bitmap, and passes an undersized output buffer to jpeg_read_scanlines. Opening the file writes beyond that buffer and triggers an access-violation crash; the public report does not demonstrate code execution.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.89%
Next 30 days · Sep 17, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Heap overflow in FreeImage before 1.18.0 allows context-dependent attackers to overwrite heap memory with a crafted JPEG file. PluginJPEG.cpp's Load function trusts the JPEG SOF component count, allocates a default-sized bitmap, and passes an undersized output buffer to jpeg_read_scanlines. Opening the file writes beyond that buffer and triggers an access-violation crash; the public report does not demonstrate code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-40265
Published
Aug 22, 2023
Updated
Oct 3, 2024
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-787, T1203
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 22, 2023CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 3, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

8.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo