CVE-2021-3998Public exploit

Information disclosure via oversized realpath result

Published Aug 24, 2022 · Updated Jun 9, 2025

Information disclosure in GNU C Library 2.33 through 2.34 allows local users to expose process memory through an overlong path. The realpath() implementation returns a newly allocated buffer instead of the caller-supplied resolved buffer when the result exceeds PATH_MAX, leaving the expected buffer uninitialized. A local user must trigger an affected program that uses the untouched caller buffer; a demonstrated SUID fusermount path exposes stack pointers.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability1.76%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Information disclosure in GNU C Library 2.33 through 2.34 allows local users to expose process memory through an overlong path. The realpath() implementation returns a newly allocated buffer instead of the caller-supplied resolved buffer when the result exceeds PATH_MAX, leaving the expected buffer uninitialized. A local user must trigger an affected program that uses the untouched caller buffer; a demonstrated SUID fusermount path exposes stack pointers.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-3998
Published
Aug 24, 2022
Updated
Jun 9, 2025
Vendor
GNU
Product
GNU C Library (glibc)
Classifications
CWE-252, CWE-125
Attack vector
local
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 24, 2022CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 9, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

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  1. Affected versionversion=Affects glibc v2.33 and above.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

GNU · GNU C Library (glibc)version=Affects glibc v2.33 and above.

Published CVSS scores

7.5UbuntuCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
7.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-252Unchecked Return Value
CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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