CVE-2021-3491

Kernel code execution via oversized io_uring buffers

Published Jun 4, 2021 · Updated Sep 16, 2024

Heap overflow in affected Linux Kernel builds allows local users to execute arbitrary code in the kernel through io_uring buffers. The io_add_buffers function accepted a user-supplied PROVIDE_BUFFERS length above MAX_RW_COUNT and stored it as a signed buffer length, producing a negative size during reads from a process's /proc/PID/mem file. Exploitation requires low-privileged local code execution and grants kernel-context code execution with control of the host.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.64%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap overflow in affected Linux Kernel builds allows local users to execute arbitrary code in the kernel through io_uring buffers. The io_add_buffers function accepted a user-supplied PROVIDE_BUFFERS length above MAX_RW_COUNT and stored it as a signed buffer length, producing a negative size during reads from a process's /proc/PID/mem file. Exploitation requires low-privileged local code execution and grants kernel-context code execution with control of the host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-3491
Published
Jun 4, 2021
Updated
Sep 16, 2024
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux Kernel
Classifications
CWE-787, CWE-131, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 4, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 16, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=linux-5.10.y <v5.10.37
  2. Affected versionversion=linux-5.11.y <v5.11.21
  3. Affected versionversion=linux-5.12.y <v5.12.4
  4. Affected versionversion=trunk <v5.13-rc4
  5. Affected versionversion=v5.7-rc1 <5.7*

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linux Kernelversion=linux-5.10.y <v5.10.37; version=linux-5.11.y <v5.11.21; version=linux-5.12.y <v5.12.4; version=trunk <v5.13-rc4; version=v5.7-rc1 <5.7*

Published CVSS scores

7.2NIST NVDAV:L/AC:L/Au:N/C:C/I:C/A:C
8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8Canonical Ltd.CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
CWE-131Incorrect Calculation of Buffer Size
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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