CVE-2021-3490Public exploit

Local privilege escalation via incorrect ALU32 bounds

Published Jun 4, 2021 · Updated Sep 16, 2024

Out-of-bounds access in the Linux kernel eBPF verifier allows local users to execute arbitrary kernel code through crafted programs. For AND, OR, and XOR instructions, the verifier fails to update 32-bit subregister bounds after constant operations, permitting verifier-approved out-of-bounds reads and writes. Exploitation requires low-privileged local access and unprivileged eBPF availability; successful writes can elevate the process to root.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability27.48%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds access in the Linux kernel eBPF verifier allows local users to execute arbitrary kernel code through crafted programs. For AND, OR, and XOR instructions, the verifier fails to update 32-bit subregister bounds after constant operations, permitting verifier-approved out-of-bounds reads and writes. Exploitation requires low-privileged local access and unprivileged eBPF availability; successful writes can elevate the process to root.

The record

CVE
CVE-2021-3490
Published
Jun 4, 2021
Updated
Sep 16, 2024
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux Kernel
Classifications
CWE-20, CWE-125, CWE-787, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 4, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 16, 2024Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=linux-5.10.y <v5.10.37
  2. Affected versionversion=linux-5.11.y <v5.11.21
  3. Affected versionversion=linux-5.12.y <v5.12.4
  4. Affected versionversion=trunk <v5.13-rc4
  5. Affected versionversion=v5.7-rc1 <5.7*

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linux Kernelversion=linux-5.10.y <v5.10.37; version=linux-5.11.y <v5.11.21; version=linux-5.12.y <v5.12.4; version=trunk <v5.13-rc4; version=v5.7-rc1 <5.7*

Published CVSS scores

7.8Canonical Ltd.CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation
CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read
CWE-787Out-of-bounds Write
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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