Physical authentication bypass via infrared image replay
Published Jul 16, 2021 · Updated Aug 10, 2026
Authentication bypass in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 through Version 21H1 allows physically proximate attackers to unlock a device. Windows Hello Face accepts replayed infrared frames from a custom USB camera that mimics a trusted biometric sensor instead of authenticating live capture. Exploitation requires face enrollment, full physical device access, a victim infrared image, and custom hardware; it grants device access without a valid face.
Summary
What happened
Authentication bypass in Microsoft Windows 10 Version 1809 through Version 21H1 allows physically proximate attackers to unlock a device. Windows Hello Face accepts replayed infrared frames from a custom USB camera that mimics a trusted biometric sensor instead of authenticating live capture. Exploitation requires face enrollment, full physical device access, a victim infrared image, and custom hardware; it grants device access without a valid face.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2021-34466
- Published
- Jul 16, 2021
- Updated
- Aug 10, 2026
- Vendor
- Microsoft
- Product
- Windows 10 Version 21H1
- Classifications
- CWE-290, T1200
- Attack vector
- physical
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Jul 16, 2021CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Aug 10, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.
Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=10.0.0 <10.0.19043.1110
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Published CVSS scores
CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Public exploit references
- CyberArk Windows Hello infrared replay demonstrationproof of concept · demonstrated
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
See the directory against your own environment.
Your stack
Check the software in your environment
Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.
Book a demo